General Secretary To Lam's special address on the new era, the era of national progress

Attendants at the discussion included Comrade Nguyen Xuan Thang, Politburo Member, President of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, Chairman of the Central Theoretical Council, and Permanent Deputy Head of the class Steering Committee.

The Political Theory Journal presents highlights from General Secretary To Lam’s thematic discussion of the new era - the era of national progress: Some fundamental understandings regarding the new era - The era of national progress.

General Secretary To Lam shared that an era is a historical period marked by important characteristics or events that have a great influence on the development of society - culture - politics - nature. An era is often used to divide historical time based on major events or fundamental changes in political life or science, technology, and the environment. For example: the Industrial Era, Information Era, Digital Era, and Space Era. Previously, there was the Stone Age, Ancient Era, Medieval Era, etc.

The “era of rising up” implies creating a strong, decisive, determined, active movement, an effort of internal strength and self-confidence to overcome challenges, surpass oneself, realize aspirations, reach goals, and achieve outstanding accomplishments.

The new era, the era of Vietnam’s rise, is an era of development, an era of prosperity under the leadership and governance of the Communist Party, successfully building a socialist-wealthy people, strong country, democratic, just, and civilized society on par with the great powers of the five continents. All people enjoy a prosperous and happy life, are supported in development, and are able to enrich themselves, contributing increasingly to the peace, stability, and development of the world, the happiness of humanity, and global civilization. The goal of the rising era is a rich country, a strong country, and a socialist society on par with the world powers. The top priority in the new era is to successfully implement the strategic goals by 2030: Vietnam will become a developing country with modern industry and high average income; by 2045, it will become a developed socialist country with high income; strongly arousing national spirit, the spirit of self-reliance, self-confidence, self-strengthening, national pride, and aspiration for national development; closely combining national strength with the strength of the times. The starting point of the new era is the 14th National Congress of the Party; from here, every Vietnamese citizen-hundreds of millions as one-under the leadership of the Party, united in will and action, maximizes opportunities and favorable conditions, pushes back risks and challenges, and brings the country into a stage of comprehensive, strong, breakthrough, and soaring development.

The foundation for defining the goal of bringing the country into a new era, the era of the national progress

The General Secretary emphasized that the great achievements gained after 40 years of renovation, under the leadership of the Party, have helped Vietnam accumulate strength and position for breakthrough development in the next stage: From a poor, backward, low-level, besieged, and embargoed country, Vietnam has become a developing country with average-level income, deeply and widely integrated into world politics, the global economy, and human civilization, taking on many international responsibilities and playing an increasingly active role in many important multilateral organizations and forums. Independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity are maintained; national and ethnic interests are guaranteed. The scale of the economy in 2023 increased 96 times compared to 1986. Vietnam ranks in the group of 40 countries with the largest economies in the world and the top 20 economies in terms of trade and foreign investment attraction. Vietnam has established diplomatic relations with 193 United Nations member states and has actively built partnerships, strategic cooperation and comprehensive strategic partnerships with all major powers in the world and the region. The people’s lives have improved significantly, and the poverty rate has decreased sharply, completing the Millennium Development Goals early. Political, economic, cultural, social, scientific - technological, national defense, and security capabilities have been constantly improved, actively contributing to maintaining peace and stability in the region and the world.

The world is in a period of epochal change, with the most important period being from now until 2030 for establishing a new world order. This is also a period of important strategic opportunity, a sprint stage for the Vietnamese revolution to achieve the 100-year strategic goal under the leadership of the Party, creating a solid premise to realize the 100-year goal of national foundation. These epochal changes bring new opportunities and advantages, but also many challenges together, in which the challenges are more prominent while new opportunities can also appear in the moments amidst sudden changes in the world situation. The Industrial Revolution 4.0, especially artificial intelligence and digital technology, brings opportunities that developing and underdeveloped countries can seize to leap ahead and develop rapidly.

The history of the Vietnamese revolution shows that, under the Party’s wise and talented leadership, arousing the will of self-reliance, self-control, self-confidence, resilience, and national pride, and by mobilizing the strength of the entire people combined with the strength of the times, the Vietnamese revolutionary vessel will achieve miracles (miracles such as a semi-feudal colonial democratic country being able to defeat two powerful colonial empires; the miracle of a country going from being besieged and embargoed to successfully carrying out the renovation process leading to many great achievements). At present, this is a moment when the will of the Party is in harmony with the hearts of the people in the shared aspiration to build a prosperous and happy country, to soon successfully build socialism, and stand shoulder to shoulder with the great powers of the five continents.

From the above-mentioned issues, it can be seen that the present is the time to “converge” all advantages and strengths to bring the country into a new era, the era of national progress, following the era of independence, freedom, building socialism, and the era of renovation.

General Secretary To Lam also discussed 7 strategic orientations to bring the country into the new era, the era of national progress:

1. On improving the Party’s leadership methods

Over more than 94 years of leading the revolution, our Party has constantly researched, developed, supplemented, and perfected its leadership methods, enhancing its leadership and governing capacity. This is the key factor ensuring that the Party remains clean and strong, capable of steering the revolutionary boat through all rapids, achieving one victory after another.

The General Secretary pointed out that, in addition to the results, the renovation of the Party’s leadership methods still shows many shortcomings and limitations: (i) The situation of issuing many documents, with some being general, scattered, overlapping, and slow to be supplemented, revised, and superseded. (ii) Some major policies and orientations of the Party have not been institutionalized promptly and fully or have been institutionalized but are not feasible. (iii) The overall model of the political system is not complete; the functions, tasks, powers, and working relationships of organizations, individuals, and leaders include unclear content; decentralization and the delegation of power are weak. (iv) The organizational model of the Party and the political system still shows shortcomings, making it difficult to distinguish the boundary between leadership and management, easily leading to excuses, overreach, or loosening of the Party’s leadership role. (v) Administrative reform and the renovation of working style and manners in the Party are still slow; meetings are still convened excessively.

There is now an urgent need for a strong renewal of leadership methods, enhancement of leadership and governing capacities, and ensuring the Party remains the great helmsman, propelling our nation forward with strength. Some strategic solutions include: (i) Strictly implement the Party’s leadership and governance methods, absolutely avoiding situations of overreach, substitution, or loosening of the Party’s leadership. (ii) Focus on streamlining the organization and apparatus of Party agencies, making them truly the intellectual nucleus, the “general staff,” and the pioneering leadership force for state agencies. This includes researching and promoting the merger of some advisory and assisting bodies of the Party; promptly and comprehensively assessing the concurrent holding of positions within the Party and political system to arrive at appropriate decisions. It must be ensured that the Party’s leadership tasks are not duplicated with management tasks; clearly differentiate and define the specific responsibilities of leadership levels across various types of Party organizations, avoiding situations of overreach, substitution, or dualism and formality. (iii) Strongly renovate the promulgation, dissemination, and implementation of Party resolutions; build grassroots Party organizations and Party members who are truly the “cells” of the Party. Resolutions by party committees and organizations at all levels must be concise, easy to understand, easy to remember, easy to absorb, easy to implement, and accurately identify the requirements, tasks, paths, and methods of development of the country, the nation, each locality, and each ministry and sector. Resolutions must demonstrate vision, scientific basis, practicality, effectiveness, and feasibility; they must inspire enthusiasm, trust, expectations, and the motivation to act among cadres, Party members, economic sectors, enterprises, and the people in carrying out the Party’s resolutions. Build strong grassroots Party cells with high combativeness and the capability of putting Party resolutions into practice; renovate and improve the quality of grassroots Party cell activities, ensuring substantive and effective Party cell activities. (iv) Renovate inspection and supervision work; promote the application of information technology and digital transformation in party activities. Issue regulations on the decentralization of inspection and supervision authority, closely associated with the detection and strict handling of all acts of abusing inspection and supervision for corruption or negative purposes.

2. On strengthening party spirit in building and perfecting the socialist rule-of-law State of the people, by the people, and for the people

After 2 years of implementing the Party’s Resolution No. 27-NQ/TW on continuing to build and perfect the Vietnamese socialist rule-of-law State in the new period, encouraging results have been achieved. However, the building and perfecting of the Vietnamese socialist rule-of-law State still face many shortcomings and limitations: (i) Some major policies and orientations of the Party have not been institutionalized promptly and fully, or have been institutionalized but their feasibility is not high; (ii) the legal system still has contradictory and overlapping provisions, which are not suitable for economic and social development, and are slow to be supplemented, amended, and superseded. (iii) Mechanisms, policies, and laws have not created a truly favorable environment to promote renovation and attract resources from domestic and foreign investors as well as from the people. Among the three biggest bottlenecks today, namely institutions, infrastructure, and human resources, institutions are determined as the “bottleneck” of “bottlenecks,” posing an urgent requirement to promote Party spirit in building a socialist rule-of-law State.

The General Secretary emphasized that, regarding the standpoint, laws in the socialist rule-of-law State need to be continuously improved to institutionalize the Party’s guidelines and policies, promote democracy, serve the people, and recognize, respect, ensure, and protect human rights and civil rights.

As for solutions, there has been a strong renovation in legislative work, including transforming the thinking of law-making affairs towards both ensuring the requirements of state management and encouraging creativity, liberating all productive forces, and opening up all resources for development. The management mindset should not be rigid, resolutely abandoning the thinking of “if you can’t manage, then ban.” (ii) Legal provisions must be stable and have long-term value; laws should only regulate framework issues and principles-there is no need for overly lengthy laws. Issues that frequently change in practice should be assigned to the government and localities to regulate, ensuring flexibility in governance. There must be an absolute avoidance of administrative overreach in the National Assembly’s activities; avoid legalizing the content of decrees and circulars. (iii) Renovate the process of developing and organizing the implementation of laws. Stay grounded in political realities, stand on the ground of Vietnam’s material reality to build appropriate legal regulations; learn from experience while doing; do not be hasty, but also do not be perfectionists, so as not to lose opportunities. People and businesses must be the center and subject; regularly evaluate the effectiveness and quality of policies after promulgation to promptly adjust inadequacies and conflicts, minimize loss and wastefulness of resources, and proactively detect and quickly remove “bottlenecks” caused by legal provisions. (iv) Promote decentralization and the delegation of power with the motto “localities decide, localities implement, localities takes responsibility”; thoroughly reform administrative procedures, reduce compliance costs, and create the greatest possible convenience for the people and businesses. (v) Focus on controlling power in the process of law-making, tightening discipline, promoting responsibility, especially the responsibility of leaders, resolutely fighting against negativity and “group interests”. (vi) Proactively, positively, and urgently build a legal corridor for new issues and new trends (especially issues related to Industrial Revolution 4.0, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, green transformation, etc.) and create a legal framework to successfully implement the digital transformation revolution, generating a breakthrough for the country’s development in the following years.

3. On streamlining the organizational apparatus for effective and efficient operations

The General Secretary pointed out that this task is very urgent: (i) Currently, 70% of the budget is used to support the apparatus, while the restructuring and consolidation of the state administrative organizational apparatus in the direction of streamlining, effective and efficient operation, reducing intermediary levels, and organizational units still remain innadequate, some parts of the apparatus are still bulky, and there is overlapping between legislative and executive functions, not truly meeting the requirements for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of governance. Some ministries and branches still take on local tasks, leading to the persistence of an “asking and giving” mechanism, which easily contributes rise to negativity and corruption. The work of streamlining the payroll associated with job positions, improving the quality, and restructuring the team of civil servants and public employees has still not been thoroughly implemented. (ii) This is one of the issues leading to hindering development, increasing administrative procedures, wasting the time and effort of businesses and citizens, and missing development opportunities for the country.

Strategic policy: (i) Continue to focus on building and streamlining the organizational apparatus of the Party, the National Assembly, the Government, the Fatherland Front, and socio-political organizations to operate effectively and efficiently; streamline the apparatus and organization of Party agencies to truly be the intellectual core, the “general staff”, the vanguard leading state agencies. (ii) Cut down unnecessary intermediary units and arrange the organization in a multi-sectoral and multi-field coordination. Promote decentralization and delegation of power under the motto, “Local authorities decide, localities implement, localities take responsibility,” linked with strengthening inspection and supervision, clearly defining responsibilities between the Central and local levels, between local authorities, and between managers and workers. Perfect the inspection and supervision mechanisms, ensure unity in state management, and promote proactiveness, creativity, while enhancing the autonomy and self-reliance of localities. (iii) Conduct a preliminary review and evaluate the implementation of Resolution No. 18 of the 6th Conference of the 12th Central Executive Committee on “Some issues regarding the continued renovation and reorganization of the organizational apparatus of the political system towards streamlining, effective and efficient operation” throughout the political system to be submitted to the 11th Conference of the 13th Central Party Congress, serving as the basis for new strategic decisions to vigorously renew the work of organizational and cadre affairs, in line with the orientation already agreed upon by the 10th Central Committee.

4. Digital transformation

Digital transformation is not simply the application of digital technology to socio-economic activities, but also the process of establishing a new, advanced, and modern production method - “digital production method”, in which the characteristic of the productive forces is the harmonious combination of humans and artificial intelligence; data becomes a resource, an important means of production; at the same time, profound changes have also been made in production relations, especially in the form of ownership and distribution of digital means of production.

The General Secretary noted that inappropriate production relations are hindering the development of new productive forces: (i) Mechanisms, policies and laws are not truly synchronous, still overlap, and have not created a truly favorable environment to attract resources, especially resources from the people. (ii) Administrative reform, digital transformation, e-government, and digital government construction are still limited. There are still cumbersome and outdated administrative procedures, going through many stages and many doors, taking a lot of time and effort from the people and businesses, easily increasing the situation of petty corruption, and hindering national development. The connection and sharing of data among information systems of ministries, branches, localities, and the national database is not smooth; many online public services are of low quality, the user rate is not high; the organization and operation of “one-stop” departments at all levels remain ineffective in many places.

Implement the digital transformation revolution with strong and comprehensive reforms to adjust production relations, create new momentum for development, and take full advantage of the opportunities and advantages brought by Industrial Revolution 4.0, enabling the country to leap forward and stay ahead in development. The Politburo will soon study and issue a resolution on national digital transformation to lead the determined implementation throughout the Party and the entire political system.

Some key solutions include focusing on building a legal corridor for digital development, creating the foundation for Vietnam to seize opportunities from Industrial Revolution 4.0. Regularly review and promptly amend inappropriate regulations, creating a corridor for new economic models such as the sharing economy, circular economy, artificial intelligence, etc., to ensure that the legal framework does not become a barrier to development, while ensuring national security, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and businesses. (ii) Establish a breakthrough mechanism to attract domestic and foreign talent; build a strategy to develop human resources with the knowledge, skills, and renovative thinking, meeting the requirements of the digital economy and Industrial Revolution 4.0. (iii) Promote the application of information technology, build a digital platform to connect and share data between agencies and organizations. By 2030, Vietnam aims to be among the top 50 countries in the world and 3rd in ASEAN in terms of e-government and digital economy. (iv) Promote digital transformation while ensuring security and safety. Focus on building a digital society, comprehensively digitizing state management activities, providing high-level online public services. Synchronously connect national databases on population, land, and enterprises, creating the foundation for streamlining the apparatus and substantially reforming administrative procedures. Develop the digital economy and build digital citizens.

5. Combating wastefulness

The General Secretary pointed out that in reality, “Wastefulness, although not directly pocketing public money, is still very harmful to the people and the Government. Sometimes, it is more harmful than embezzlement”(1). However, wastefulness today is quite common, in many different forms, and has caused many serious consequences for development (causing a decline in human resources, financial resources, reducing production efficiency, increasing the cost burden, causing resource depletion, increasing the gap between rich and poor; causing a decline in people’s trust in the Party and the State, creating invisible barriers in socio-economic development, missing out on development opportunities for the country).

Some forms of wastefulness are emerging in particularly severe ways, namely: (i) The quality of lawmaking and legal refinement does not meet practical requirements, leading to difficulties, hindering implementation, and causing loss and waste of resources. (ii) Wasting the time and effort of enterprises and individuals when administrative procedures are cumbersome, and online public services are not convenient or seamless. (iii) Wasting development opportunities for localities and the country because the state apparatus sometimes operates ineffectively, some officials lack capacity, avoid and defer work, and fear responsibility; due to low quality and labor productivity. (iv) Wasting of natural resources; waste of public assets due to ineffective management and use-including delays in the disbursement of public investment capital; slow progress in equitization and divestment of state-owned enterprises; slow reorganization and handling of state-owned housing and land; and sluggish implementation of national target programs and credit packages supporting social welfare development. (v) Wastefulness in production, business and consumption activities among the People occurs in many forms. (vi) Wastefulness is due to the system of standards, norms and regimes, some of which are not suitable for material reality but are slow to be revised and supplemented. Meanwhile, the handling of wastefulness has not been promoted, often treated as a side issue associated with anti-corruption, without a separate, proactive approach. There has still not been a widespread emulation movement on practicing thrift and fighting wastefulness, and the absence of strong public opinion to criticize and condemn wasteful acts; the building of a culture of thrift and non-wastefulness in society has not been given due attention.

The strategic solution for the coming years is: (i) Promoting anti-wastefulness efforts on par with the fight against corruption and other negative phenomena. This must begin with the issuance of Party regulations to identify, national strategies, legal regulations, and enforcement throughout the Party, the entire people, and the entire army; strictly handling individuals and collectives with behaviors and actions that cause loss and wastefulness of public assets in the spirit of “handling one case to warn the whole region and the whole field”. (ii) Review and supplement regulations on management mechanisms and economic-technical norms that are no longer suitable to the country’s development reality. Improve regulations on handling wasteful behavior; regulations on the management and use of public assets; institutional frameworks for applying information technology and digital transformation, ensuring consistency in transformation processes to reduce wastefulness. (iii) Resolutely resolve the long-standing problems of important national projects, key projects, or low-efficiency projects, causing great loss and wastefulness; address weak commercial banks. Promptly complete equitization and improve the operational efficiency of state-owned enterprises. (iv) Building a culture of preventing and combating wastefulness; making the practice of thrift and combating wastefulness become “voluntary”, “self-conscious”, and as natural as “daily food, water, and clothes”.

6. On cadres and cadre work

Cadres and cadre work are issues of “utmost importance,” “decisive to all matters,” and “cadres are the root of all work” - they are the determining factor in the success or failure of the revolution. Building a team of cadres with sufficient capability to lead the country into the new era-the era of national progress - is now an urgent task.

Regarding the qualities and requirements for cadres in the new revolutionary period, General Secretary To Lam emphasized: (i) They must have a strong political stance, pure ethical character, daring to think, daring to do, daring to take responsibility, daring to renovate, daring to make breakthroughs for the common benefit; wholeheartedly serving the Fatherland and the people, always putting the interests of the nation and the people above all else. (ii) They must have high determination and mettle, ready to dedicate and sacrifice personal interests; dare to take the lead, renovate, eliminate the old and the backward; clear bottlenecks, resolve difficulties and blockages in practice, bringing high efficiency in performing duties and tasks; resolve outstanding and prolonged errors or make breakthroughs on new issues that are not yet regulated or where regulations overlap, lack consistency, or are difficult to implement. (iii) They must have a specific capabilities to organize implementation and put the Party’s strategic policies into practice in each ministry, department, branch, and locality (digital transformation, green transformation, strategic infrastructure development, thorough reform of administrative procedures, etc.)

The General Secretary clearly stated the solutions for building a team of cadres in the new period: (i) Strongly renovating the tasks of recruiting, training, promoting, appointing, rotating, transferring, and evaluating cadres in a practical direction, for finding appropriate people, on the basis of specific and measurable results. (ii) Strengthening self-training and self-improvement, especially for the requirements of digital transformation. (iii) Developing a mechanism to encourage and protect cadres with renovative thinking, who dare to think, dare to do, dare to make breakthrough, dare to take responsibility for the common good on the basis of clearly distinguishing those who dare to think, dare to do, dare to renovate and create for the common good from those who are adventurous, reckless, fanciful, and unrealistic. Protection must be afforded to those facing risks or potential mistakes from the outset-even from the planning stage-so that morale is not diminished. (iv) Filtering out and removing from work those who do not have sufficient qualities, capacity, and credibility. (v) Focusing on training, fostering, and testing comrades who are planned to participate in Party committees and standing committees of Party committees at all levels, ensuring the selection to Party committees, especially leaders with leadership capacity, high fighting spirit, daring to think, daring to do, daring to take responsibility, daring to renovate for the common cause, having the capacity to lead the successful implementation of Party policies, and bringing Party resolutions into practice in each field and locality.

7. On the economy

Vietnam’s overall economy has grown continuously since the implementation of the 1991 Platform, regularly being among the countries with high growth rates in the region and the world, transforming Vietnam from a low-income country to a middle-income country.

The General Secretary pointed out that although the growth rate is high, the risk of economic lag still exists. Vietnam is at risk of its economy falling into the middle-income trap and having difficulty catching up with developing countries, as shown in the following 5 points: (i) Vietnam’s labor productivity growth rate is gradually decreasing, and is lower than many countries in the region (the period 2021-2025 is estimated at 4.8%, lower than the average of 3 years, 2016-2018 (6.1%), not reaching the set target (6.5%). Meanwhile, China, starting from a similar point in the early 1990s, consistently achieved 9% annual growth. (ii) Total factor productivity - an important factor in growth quality - also shows a decline (2.77% in the 2015-2019 period, leading the ASEAN region, -1.36% in 2022, -2% in 2023), showing that the efficiency of the economy is deteriorating. (iii) Vietnam’s growth from 2021 to present mainly depends on exports, in which the FDI sector accounts for over 70% (equivalent to 60% of GDP); these enterprises import over 80% of components and equipment, only use simple production materials from Vietnam such as labor, land, and basic raw materials, which does not help Vietnam build supporting industries and domestic enterprises with high competitiveness in the global value chain (Vietnamese enterprises mostly participate only in simple production stages). When the golden population period ends (around 2027-2037), labor costs will increase, competitive advantages will be lost, FDI will move to other countries or decline, which will seriously affect Vietnam’s economy. (iv) The widespread situation where many officials and civil servants are afraid of responsibility, shirk responsibility, avoid tasks, are afraid of renovation, do not dare to think, dare to do, affecting the quality of public service performance, negatively impacting socio-economic development. (v) Resources for economic development are not being utilized effectively (human resources remain limited, with declining labor productivity and weakened motivation among state administrative managers; material resources are wasted; financial resources are not fully mobilized): land use remains wasteful (while the development of the national land database is slow), mineral resources are mostly exploited and processed in raw form; transport infrastructure development lacks efficiency (airport and seaport infrastructure planning is scattered and fragmented, with overlapping investments in geographically proximate localities, lacking distinctive advantages); energy infrastructure is imbalanced; the financial and monetary markets lack sustainability, with a large volume of capital frozen in the real estate sector.

The causes of the above situation include: (i) Institutional bottlenecks and limitations in law enforcement; the fear of making mistakes, fear of responsibility, not daring to do, avoiding responsibility, pushing work to superior management agencies or to other ministries and branches. (ii) Slow transformation of the economic model from breadth to depth. Public investment progress is slow, capital use efficiency is not high, still scattered, there is much wastefulness, the leadership role has not been promoted, and the effective activation of non-state resources has not been effectively activated. The restructuring of credit institutions and the handling of weak credit institutions are still slow; the situation of “cross-ownership” and credit lending to “internal” and “backyard” enterprises is still complicated and has not been thoroughly resolved. The identification of strategic and high-value national industries has not received due attention. (iii) The infrastructure system and urban development lack connectivity; digital infrastructure construction is still slow. (iv) The private economy has not become an important driving force of the economy, and foreign investment resources have not been well utilized. (v) The application and development of science and technology have not brought about clear results; the quality of human resources is still limited, and there is a lack of highly skilled workers to meet the development needs of key economic sectors, high technology, and digital development. (vi) External factors have negative impacts, increasing the risk of economic lag.

The General Secretary pointed out a number of solutions and strategic directions for economic development, pushing back the risk of falling behind and the middle-income trap: (i) Make stronger breakthroughs in development institutions, remove bottlenecks and barriers, put people and businesses at the center, mobilize and unlock all internal and external resources, especially the resources among the people; develop science and technology in a synchronized and seamless manner-all for the development of the country’s economy, culture, and society, and to improve the material and spiritual life of the people. Synchronization and breakthroughs in building socio-economic infrastructure must be the top priority. (ii) Focus on building a Vietnamese socialist model, focusing on building socialist people, creating the foundation for building a socialist society as defined by the Party Platform (a rich people, strong country, democratic, fair, civilized society, owned by the people, managed by the State, led by the Communist Party). (iii) Focus on developing new productive forces (combining high-quality human resources with new means of production, strategic infrastructure for transportation, digital transformation, green transformation) associated with perfecting production relations. (iv) Initiate and implement the digital transformation revolution. Promote strategic technology, digital transformation, green transformation, making science and technology as well as renovation as the main driving force for development.

Endnote:

• Ho Chi Minh: Complete Works, vol.7, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2011, p.357.